http://redstudio.moma.org/podcasts/2006/

romanesque art notes

ROMANESQUE ART
Vocabulary:
1.apse
2.aquamanile
3.archivolts
4.bailey
5.baldachin
6.buttresses
7.campanile
8.chevron
9.cloth of honor
10.colonette
11.compound pier
12.corbel tables
13.cruciform
14.donjon (or keep)
15.embroidery
16.fresco
17.galleries
18.glazing
19.groin vaults
20.jambs (jamb figure and column)
21.lantern
22.lectionary
23.lunette
24.moat
25.niello
26.pedestal
27.portal
28.pseudo-kufic
29.quadrant
30.vaulting
31.rosette
32.sanctuary
33.spandrel
34.stringcourses
35.squinches
36.tomb effigies
37.trumeau
38.tympanum
39.undercutting
40.voussoirs

Image Outline:
ROMANESQUE ART

FRANCE AND NORTHERN SPAIN
Architecture
1.St. James Santiago de Compostela
2.Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, Conques, Rouergue, France. Mid 11th-12th cent.
3.plan, Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy. c. 1120
4.nave, Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy. c. 1120
5.Abbey Church of Notre-Dame, Fontenay, Burgundy. 1139 - 47
1.Explain the aesthetic ideals of the Cistercians by looking at the interior of this church.
Architectural Sculpture
6.Doubting Thomas, pier in the cloister of the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos
7.South Portal, Priory Church, Saint Pierre Moissac, Toulouse, France c. 1115 – 30
8.Images of the Priory Church of Saint Pierre Lions and Prophet Jeremiah(?)
9.Gislebertus. Weighing of Souls detail of Last Judgment tympanum, Cathedral of Saint-Lazare, Autun
10.Gislebertus. Last Judgment, tympanum of the west portal Main Cathedral of Saint-Lazare Autun, Burgundy, France. c. 1120 - 35/40
1.This tympanum sculpture signified what significant moment to the viewer?
2.Discuss the iconography.
Independent Sculpture
11.Virgin and Child, from the Auvergne region, France. c. 1150 - 1200.
1.What was the importance of the image of the Virgin Mary? What did the enthroned image of Virgin and Child symbolize?
12.Batllo Crucifix, from the Olot region, Catalonia, Spain. Mid 12th cent.
Wall Painting
13.Nave, Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe. Poitou, France. c. 110o
14.Tower of Babel, detail of painted nave vaulting, Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe
15.Christ in Majesty, detail of apse painting from the Church of San Clemente, Tahull, Lérida, Spain.
1.What materials were used for wall painting? Why was this material popular?
Books
16.Page with Pentecost, Cluny Lectionary. Early 12th century. Ink and tempera on vellum, 9 x 5"
17.Page with Tree of Jesse, Citeaux Explanatio in Isaiam (Saint Jerome’s Commentary on Isaiah), from the Abbey, Cîteaux, Burgundy, France. c. 1125. Ink and tempera on vellum, 15 x 4"

BRITAIN AND NORMANDY
Architecture
18.Castle-monastery-cathedral complex, Durham, Northumberland, England. c. 1075 - 1100s
19.Plan of Durham Castle
20.Nave of Durham Cathedral. Early 12th century. Original apses replaced by a Gothic choir, 1242 - c.1280
21.Church of Saint-Étienne, Caen, Normandy, France. Begun 1064; facade late 11th cent; spires 13th cent
Books
22.Page with Hellmouth, Winchester Psalter, Winchester, England, c. 1150.
The Bayeux Tapestry
23.Bishop Odo Blessing the Feast, section 47-48 of the Bayeux Tapestry, Norman-Anglo-Saxon embroidery from Canterbury, Kent, England, or Bayeux, Normandy, France. c. 1066 - 82. Linen with wool, height 20' (50.8 cm). Centre Guillaume le Conquérant, Bayeux, France
1.Who created this tapestry?

GERMANY
Architecture
24.Speyer Cathedral. 1082-1100s, Interior, Speyer Cathedral, Speyer, Germany, as remodeled c. 1081 - 1106. Lithograph of 1844 by von Bachelier. Kurpfälzisches Museum der Stadt Heidelberg

ANCIENT ROME AND ROMANESQUE ITALY
25.Cathedral Complex, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy. Cathedral begun 1063; baptistry begun 1153; campanile begun 1174; Campo Santo 13th century
26.Nave, Pisa Cathedral.
27.Nave, Church of San Clemente, Rome.
28.Church of Sant'Ambrogio
29.Wiligelmus. Creation and Fall, on the west facade, Modena Cathedral, Emilia, Italy, 1106-1120

Questions:
2.What are pilgrimages and the pilgrimage routes? The popular destinations of the religious pilgrimage included what routes? Why were these cities so significant?
3.What are relics? What power did they have?
4.What are reliquaries? Who was Saint-Foy?
5.What does Romanesque mean? When was the term coined? What does it explain?
6.Name the countries associated with the Romanesque.
7.What was the primary source of income in the 11th and 12th centuries? What became a source of wealth and power?
8.Explain the feudal system and the manor.
9.Were feudal estates successful? Why?
10.What type of relationship existed between church and state? Why would it have been successful?
11.When was the first crusade? What was its outcome? What influence did the crusades have on the west?
12.How did builders alter the basilican shape in order to accommodate the influx of pilgrims?
13.Portal sculpture communicated what to the pilgrims who paused in front of a western portal?
14.What are the names of some of the leading Italian cities in the 11th and 12th cent., and what happened on the Italian peninsula?
15.The basic form of the Romanesque church derives from what earlier models?
16.Identify some of the key structural advances and changes in Romanesque architecture.
17.Books played a key role in the transmission of artistic styles and other cultural information from one region to another. What are some of the important themes illustrated in Romanesque books?
18.Sketch and identify the parts of a Romanesque church portal.

here are some good links that include images and lecture notes from college classes and the such...

http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/art100_8week/module14.htm

http://www.bookofkells.ie/chi.html

http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi1113/html/ch-08-1.htm

online study guide from gardners art history: http://www.wadsworth.com/cgi-wadsworth/course_products_wp.pl?fid=M20b&flag=student&product_isbn_issn=9780534605117&disciplinenumber=37

http://wwwlb.aub.edu.lb/~webbultn/v7n5/36.html

http://www.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/I_Transp/IO5_FivePillars.html

http://www.arthistory.upenn.edu/smr04/101910/101910imageindex.html

http://www.scholarsresource.com/browse/period_groups/5

http://teachers.sduhsd.k12.ca.us/ltrupe/ART%20History%20Web/final/imagelinks.html



make note cards, probably. and dont lose em, they will come in handy for the real thing....

good luck!

Image List

Mesoamerica
Olmec Head
Temple at Tikal
Bonampak Fresco

Africa
Dogon Primordial Couples
Benin Bronze Head
brass plaque from Benin
Yoruba ere ibeji (twin figures)

Egypt
Palette of Narmer
Menkaure and his Wife
Great Pyramids at Giza
Seated Scribe
Ti Watching a Hippo Hunt
Temple of Hatshepsut
Akhenaten and His Family
King Tut
Judgement before Osiris

Ancient Near East
Nanna Ziggurat
Warka Vase
Votive Statues
Bull Lyre
Stela of Naramsin
Gudea
Stela of Hammurabi
Guardian Lamassu from Sargon II
Ishtar Gate
Audience Hall of Darius and Xerxes

Aegean
Cycladic Idols
Palace Complex of Knossos
Octopus Flask
Bull Jumping

Ancient Greece
Dipylon Vase
Siphnian Treasury
Temple of Artemis
Dying Warrior
Kore and Kouros
Black and Red Figure Vase painting
Kritios Boy
Riace Warrior
The Acropolis
East pediment of the Parthenon
Caryatid
Spear Bearer
The Scraper
Nike of Samothrace
Laocoon
Venus de Milo
Etruscan
Etruscan Temple
Apollo from Veii
Sarcophagus from Cerveteri

Ancient Rome
Sanctuary of Fortuna
Pont du Gard
Maison Caree
Aulus Metellus
Augustus of Primporta
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th style paintings at Pompeii
Colosseum
Column of Trajan
Pantheon
Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine
Arch of Constantine

Early Christian
Christian Catacomb paintings
Old St Peters
Santa Costanza
Good Shepherd from Galla Placidia

Byzantine
Hagia Sophia
San Vitale
Empress Theodora and Emperor Justinian
Sant’Apollinare in Classe
Transfiguration of Christ with St Apollinaris
Cathedral of San Marco
Christ Pantokrator
Cathedral of St Basil

Islamic
Dome of the Rock
Great Mosque at Cordoba
Great Mosque at Samarra
Mosaic Mihrab
Mosque of Selim

Early Medieval
Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo
Chi Rho Iota Page
Palace Chapel of Charlemagne
Lindau Gospel Cover
Doors of Bishop Bernward
Gero Crucifix

Romanesque
Abbey Church of St Foy
Abbey Church of Notre Dame, Fontenay
Romanesque Church Portal
Saint Pierre Moissac; Christ in Majesty
Gislebertus Last Judgement Tympanum
Virgin and Child
Batllo Crucifix
Durham Cathedral
Saint Etienne
Page with Hellmouth
Bayeux Tapestry
Speyer Cathedral
San Clemente, Rome


Key Concepts:

EC and Byz.
Basilica-plan
The evolution of basilica-plan and central-plan churches from earlier architectural models is a major theme in this chapter and is a stage in the eventual development of the cathedral in the Middle Ages. Students should be familiar with the ways in which architects solved the problems of converting the public basilica into a place of worship. Methods for placing a dome over a square base should also be studied in depth. The text provides a good discussion of pendentives and squinches on p. 310. Questions about the nave, apse, and transepts often appear on the AP* exam in some form. Students should begin to keep notes on the different styles of churches so that they will be able to compare and contrast them as they review their coursework.
Iconography of the life of Jesus
The table "Iconography of the Life of Jesus" on pp. 306–307 is a useful compendium of the "cycles" of the life of Jesus, the basis of much of Christian art. Students should return to this table often during the course to verify their identification of the literal and symbolic meanings of artworks. It is a highly useful reference on Christian symbolism.

Islam
Iconoclasm
Islamic art is aniconic—that is, there is little or no figurative imagery present. Surface decoration is the hallmark of Islamic art, a mixture of geometric patterns and scrolling organic forms.
Spread of Islam
Muslims spread their religion and their culture rapidly during the Middle Ages, moving throughout the Arabian Peninsula and into Egypt, Asia, and Europe, especially Spain. Wherever they went, local artistic traditions influenced Islamic art. In analyzing Islamic art, students should pay close attention to the region from which a given example comes for clues to the origins of its stylistic elements.

Early Medieval
Development of books
The transition from the scroll to the bound book in this period was critical in the preservation and transmission of learning in Europe. Illuminated manuscripts are among the most important art objects created during the Early Middle Ages. Students should understand the process of bookmaking, copying, and illustrating that was developed during this period.
Charlemagne's project
Charlemagne's attempt to revive the arts and create a culture along the lines of ancient Rome is the historical background for the most important period of art in the Early Middle Ages. His accomplishments and their influence, especially Carolingian miniscule and monastery design, are key concepts that students should take from this chapter.
Interlace
Ribbon interlace and animal interlace were used as decoration on a variety of art objects from Sweden, Norway, and the British Isles. Students should be able to connect the themes of animal interlace to the presumed religious beliefs of the people that developed it.

Romanesque
Elements of Romanesque architecture
The Romanesque style and how it differs from Classical architecture and Gothic architecture, which students will learn about in the next chapter, is the single most important concept that students should remember from this period. The text provides excellent and concise explanations on pp. 511–513 and p. 517. Students should be adding to their notes on the characteristics of different styles of architecture.
Deciphering Christian symbolism
New images of Christian iconography appear in Romanesque art. Gislebertus's Last Judgement, from Autun (p. 520) is a good example of the evolving body of Christian symbolism.
Regional differences
The stylistic differences between cathedrals in France and in Italy need to be understood and recognized by students. This regionalization will become even more pronounced during the Gothic period, as students will see in the next chapter. Students should add the characteristics of different cathedral styles to their notes on architectural innovations.

http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/lecture_mid_civ.htm

mid term exam: 30 minute essay

Many cultures designate spaces or create structures for religious devotion.
Choose two specific examples, each from a different culture, one of which is from beyond the European traditon.
Fully identify your eamples, their cultures, and time periods.
Discuss the ways in which your examples create placs appropriate for religious devotion in each culture. Consider plan, orientation, site, structure, ornamentation, etc.
(30 min)

this is the 30 min essay question that will be on the exam. take the time/opportunity to research/prepare for this question so that you can get a 9.

there will also be two 5 min and one 10 min essays, and then your typical amount of multiple choice questions.
this is still an hour short of the real exam, but should be good practice...

there will be questions on everything weve discussed, but the majority of the questions will be about the most recent topics.

EARLY MEDIEVAL ART IN EUROPE

EARLY MEDIEVAL ART IN EUROPE
Vocabulary:
1.ambulatory
2.basilica plan
3.blind arcade
4.Bosses
5.Caroline
6.miniscule
7.choir
8.clerestory
9.colophon
10.crossing
11.crypt
12.gallery
13.gadrooning
14.gold leaf
15.horseshoe arch
16.illumination
17.impost blocks
18.mandorla
19.martyrium
20.mausoleum
21.narthex
22.parchment
23.picture stones
24.repousse
25.refectory
26.reliquary
27.ribbon interlace
28.rune stones
29.transept
30.triumphal arch
31.scriptorium
32.vellum
33.westwork

Image Outline:
THE MIDDLE AGES
THE BRITISH ISLES AND SCANDINAVIA
Scandinavia
1.Gummersmark brooch, Denmark. 6th century. Silver gilt, height 5" (14.6 cm). Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen
2.Memorial Stone, Larbro St Hammers, Gotland, Sweden, 8th century
1.Who were the vikings? When were their raids? Where did they settle?
2.What imagery is found on this?
3.Burial Ship, from Oseberg, Norway. Ship c. 815 - 20; burial 834. Wood, length 75'6" (23 m). Vikingskiphuset, Universitets Oldsaksamling, Oslo, Norway
4.Post, from the Oseberg burial ship, c.825
1.What characterizes the design?
Britain and Ireland
5.Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo burial ship, Suffolk, England. c. 615 - 30. Cloisonné plaques of gold, garnet, and checked enamel, length 8" (20.3 cm). The British Museum, London.
1.Describe the rich blend of motifs in the Hiberno Saxon style as evidenced in this purse cover.
6.Page with Lion, Book of John, Gospel Book of Durrow. Scotland, c. 675
7.Page with Man, Gospel of Saint Matthew, Gospel Book of Durrow, probably made at Iona, Scotland. c. 675. Ink and tempera on parchment, 95/8 x 511/16" (24.5 x 14.5 cm). The Board of Trinity College, Dublin, MS 57 (A.4.5), fol. 191V
8.Chi Rho Iota page, Book of Matthew, Book of Kells, Scotland, late 8th or 9th century
1.What letters are used here and what do they signify?
9.South Cross, Ahenny, County Tipperary, Ireland. 8th century. Stone

CHRISTIAN SPAIN
10.Church of Santa Maria de Quintanilla de las Viñas, Burgos, Spain. Late 7th century. View from the choir into the apse

THE CAROLINGIAN PERIOD
Architecture
11.Plan, Palace Chapel of Charlemagne
12.Plan of the Abbey of Saint Gall (redrawn). c. 817. Original in red ink on parchment, 28 x 441/8" (71.1 x 112.1 cm). Stiftsbibliothek, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Cod. Sang. 1092
Books
13.Page with Mark the Evangelist, Book of Mark, Godescalc Evangelistary 781 - 83. Ink and colors on vellum, 12 1/2 x 8 1/2" (32.1 x 21.8 cm). Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, France
14.Page with Matthew the Evangelist, Book of Matthew, Ebbo Gospels. c. 816 - 35. Ink, gold, and colors on vellum, (26 x 22.2 cm). Bibliothèque Municipale, Epernay, France
15.Crucifixion with Angels and Mourning Figures, outer cover, Lindau Gospels. c. 870 - 80. Gold, pearls, and gems, 13 x 103/8" (36.9 x 26.7 cm). The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York

OTTONIAN EUROPE
Architecture
16.Church of St. Cyriakus, Gernrode, Germany. Begun 961; consecrated 973
17.Plan, Church of St. Cyriakus
1.What architectural style influenced the Ottonian builders here?
18.Interior, Church of St. Cyriakus
Sculpture
19.Otto I Presenting Magdeburg Cathedral to Christ, one of a series of 19 ivory plaques known as the Magdeburg Ivories. c. 962 - 73. Ivory, 5 x 4" (12.7 x 11.4 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Bequest of George Blumenthal, l941
20.Doors of Bishop Bernward, Abbey Church of St. Michael, Hildesheim, Germany
1.Who commissioned these bronze doors? What is the subject of these panels?
21.Gero Crucifix, from Cologne Cathedral, Germany. c. 970. Painted and gilded wood, height of figure 6'2" (1.87 m)
1.What are some of the most admirable characteristics of this piece?
Books
22.Otto III Enthroned, Liuthar Gospels(Aachen Gospels). c. 1000. Ink and colors on vellum, 107/8 x 8" (27.9 x 21.8 cm). Cathedral Treasury, Aachen
23.Page with Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples, Gospels of Otto III. c. 1000. Ink and colors on vellum, approx. 8 x 6" (20.5 x 14.5 cm). Staatsbibliothek, Munich
24.Presentation page with Abbess Hitda and Saint Walpurga, Hitda Gospels. Early 11th century. Ink and colors on vellum, 113/8 x 55/8" (29 x 14.2 cm). Hessische Landes-und-Hochschul-Bibliothek, Darmstadt, Germany

Questions:
1.What does the term “Middle Ages” refer to?
2.“Early Medieval” refers to what countries in western and northern Europe?
3.What circumstances led to the new political, social and cultural reforms?
4.What was the focus of patronage?
5.Where were Gospel Books created? Why were they so important artistically?
6.When did Islam conquest Spain, and what artistic influences were evident?
7.Who were the Carolingians? And where were they located?
8.What were Charlemagne's goals, and what religion was imposed throughout his territory?
9.Where did Charlemagne locate his palace and install his court in 794? What projects did he emphasize at his capitol?
10.What land did the Ottonian leaders control?
11.“Animal style” is used to explain what kind of creatures?
12.What underlying principles govern works in the animal style?
13.Explain the overall layout of a Gospel Book as it was designed in the Medieval scriptorium.
14.What is cloisonné?

hi kids!

today, you are going on an adventure...

go to the Stokstad Companion Site (http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_stokstad_arthistrev_2/21/5568/1425471.cw/index.html) and under Chappter 7 (Early Christian, Byzantine, Jewish) answer the 3 essay questions under "Problems in Internet Research" and answer just question #1 under Chapter 8 (Islam) from the "Problems in Internet Research".

I am not looking for a novel or a 5 paragraph essay. I am looking for you to show your understanding of the information and to use that knowledge to create a clear, concise, and correct answer. (less is more, sometimes, avoid the bee essing.)

Please email me your responses by the end of the period, remember to send them to sergonisa@yahoo.com

Thanks! and happy researching!