EARLY MEDIEVAL ART IN EUROPE

EARLY MEDIEVAL ART IN EUROPE
Vocabulary:
1.ambulatory
2.basilica plan
3.blind arcade
4.Bosses
5.Caroline
6.miniscule
7.choir
8.clerestory
9.colophon
10.crossing
11.crypt
12.gallery
13.gadrooning
14.gold leaf
15.horseshoe arch
16.illumination
17.impost blocks
18.mandorla
19.martyrium
20.mausoleum
21.narthex
22.parchment
23.picture stones
24.repousse
25.refectory
26.reliquary
27.ribbon interlace
28.rune stones
29.transept
30.triumphal arch
31.scriptorium
32.vellum
33.westwork

Image Outline:
THE MIDDLE AGES
THE BRITISH ISLES AND SCANDINAVIA
Scandinavia
1.Gummersmark brooch, Denmark. 6th century. Silver gilt, height 5" (14.6 cm). Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen
2.Memorial Stone, Larbro St Hammers, Gotland, Sweden, 8th century
1.Who were the vikings? When were their raids? Where did they settle?
2.What imagery is found on this?
3.Burial Ship, from Oseberg, Norway. Ship c. 815 - 20; burial 834. Wood, length 75'6" (23 m). Vikingskiphuset, Universitets Oldsaksamling, Oslo, Norway
4.Post, from the Oseberg burial ship, c.825
1.What characterizes the design?
Britain and Ireland
5.Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo burial ship, Suffolk, England. c. 615 - 30. Cloisonné plaques of gold, garnet, and checked enamel, length 8" (20.3 cm). The British Museum, London.
1.Describe the rich blend of motifs in the Hiberno Saxon style as evidenced in this purse cover.
6.Page with Lion, Book of John, Gospel Book of Durrow. Scotland, c. 675
7.Page with Man, Gospel of Saint Matthew, Gospel Book of Durrow, probably made at Iona, Scotland. c. 675. Ink and tempera on parchment, 95/8 x 511/16" (24.5 x 14.5 cm). The Board of Trinity College, Dublin, MS 57 (A.4.5), fol. 191V
8.Chi Rho Iota page, Book of Matthew, Book of Kells, Scotland, late 8th or 9th century
1.What letters are used here and what do they signify?
9.South Cross, Ahenny, County Tipperary, Ireland. 8th century. Stone

CHRISTIAN SPAIN
10.Church of Santa Maria de Quintanilla de las Viñas, Burgos, Spain. Late 7th century. View from the choir into the apse

THE CAROLINGIAN PERIOD
Architecture
11.Plan, Palace Chapel of Charlemagne
12.Plan of the Abbey of Saint Gall (redrawn). c. 817. Original in red ink on parchment, 28 x 441/8" (71.1 x 112.1 cm). Stiftsbibliothek, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Cod. Sang. 1092
Books
13.Page with Mark the Evangelist, Book of Mark, Godescalc Evangelistary 781 - 83. Ink and colors on vellum, 12 1/2 x 8 1/2" (32.1 x 21.8 cm). Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, France
14.Page with Matthew the Evangelist, Book of Matthew, Ebbo Gospels. c. 816 - 35. Ink, gold, and colors on vellum, (26 x 22.2 cm). Bibliothèque Municipale, Epernay, France
15.Crucifixion with Angels and Mourning Figures, outer cover, Lindau Gospels. c. 870 - 80. Gold, pearls, and gems, 13 x 103/8" (36.9 x 26.7 cm). The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York

OTTONIAN EUROPE
Architecture
16.Church of St. Cyriakus, Gernrode, Germany. Begun 961; consecrated 973
17.Plan, Church of St. Cyriakus
1.What architectural style influenced the Ottonian builders here?
18.Interior, Church of St. Cyriakus
Sculpture
19.Otto I Presenting Magdeburg Cathedral to Christ, one of a series of 19 ivory plaques known as the Magdeburg Ivories. c. 962 - 73. Ivory, 5 x 4" (12.7 x 11.4 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Bequest of George Blumenthal, l941
20.Doors of Bishop Bernward, Abbey Church of St. Michael, Hildesheim, Germany
1.Who commissioned these bronze doors? What is the subject of these panels?
21.Gero Crucifix, from Cologne Cathedral, Germany. c. 970. Painted and gilded wood, height of figure 6'2" (1.87 m)
1.What are some of the most admirable characteristics of this piece?
Books
22.Otto III Enthroned, Liuthar Gospels(Aachen Gospels). c. 1000. Ink and colors on vellum, 107/8 x 8" (27.9 x 21.8 cm). Cathedral Treasury, Aachen
23.Page with Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples, Gospels of Otto III. c. 1000. Ink and colors on vellum, approx. 8 x 6" (20.5 x 14.5 cm). Staatsbibliothek, Munich
24.Presentation page with Abbess Hitda and Saint Walpurga, Hitda Gospels. Early 11th century. Ink and colors on vellum, 113/8 x 55/8" (29 x 14.2 cm). Hessische Landes-und-Hochschul-Bibliothek, Darmstadt, Germany

Questions:
1.What does the term “Middle Ages” refer to?
2.“Early Medieval” refers to what countries in western and northern Europe?
3.What circumstances led to the new political, social and cultural reforms?
4.What was the focus of patronage?
5.Where were Gospel Books created? Why were they so important artistically?
6.When did Islam conquest Spain, and what artistic influences were evident?
7.Who were the Carolingians? And where were they located?
8.What were Charlemagne's goals, and what religion was imposed throughout his territory?
9.Where did Charlemagne locate his palace and install his court in 794? What projects did he emphasize at his capitol?
10.What land did the Ottonian leaders control?
11.“Animal style” is used to explain what kind of creatures?
12.What underlying principles govern works in the animal style?
13.Explain the overall layout of a Gospel Book as it was designed in the Medieval scriptorium.
14.What is cloisonné?