romanesque art notes

ROMANESQUE ART
Vocabulary:
1.apse
2.aquamanile
3.archivolts
4.bailey
5.baldachin
6.buttresses
7.campanile
8.chevron
9.cloth of honor
10.colonette
11.compound pier
12.corbel tables
13.cruciform
14.donjon (or keep)
15.embroidery
16.fresco
17.galleries
18.glazing
19.groin vaults
20.jambs (jamb figure and column)
21.lantern
22.lectionary
23.lunette
24.moat
25.niello
26.pedestal
27.portal
28.pseudo-kufic
29.quadrant
30.vaulting
31.rosette
32.sanctuary
33.spandrel
34.stringcourses
35.squinches
36.tomb effigies
37.trumeau
38.tympanum
39.undercutting
40.voussoirs

Image Outline:
ROMANESQUE ART

FRANCE AND NORTHERN SPAIN
Architecture
1.St. James Santiago de Compostela
2.Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, Conques, Rouergue, France. Mid 11th-12th cent.
3.plan, Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy. c. 1120
4.nave, Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy. c. 1120
5.Abbey Church of Notre-Dame, Fontenay, Burgundy. 1139 - 47
1.Explain the aesthetic ideals of the Cistercians by looking at the interior of this church.
Architectural Sculpture
6.Doubting Thomas, pier in the cloister of the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos
7.South Portal, Priory Church, Saint Pierre Moissac, Toulouse, France c. 1115 – 30
8.Images of the Priory Church of Saint Pierre Lions and Prophet Jeremiah(?)
9.Gislebertus. Weighing of Souls detail of Last Judgment tympanum, Cathedral of Saint-Lazare, Autun
10.Gislebertus. Last Judgment, tympanum of the west portal Main Cathedral of Saint-Lazare Autun, Burgundy, France. c. 1120 - 35/40
1.This tympanum sculpture signified what significant moment to the viewer?
2.Discuss the iconography.
Independent Sculpture
11.Virgin and Child, from the Auvergne region, France. c. 1150 - 1200.
1.What was the importance of the image of the Virgin Mary? What did the enthroned image of Virgin and Child symbolize?
12.Batllo Crucifix, from the Olot region, Catalonia, Spain. Mid 12th cent.
Wall Painting
13.Nave, Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe. Poitou, France. c. 110o
14.Tower of Babel, detail of painted nave vaulting, Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe
15.Christ in Majesty, detail of apse painting from the Church of San Clemente, Tahull, Lérida, Spain.
1.What materials were used for wall painting? Why was this material popular?
Books
16.Page with Pentecost, Cluny Lectionary. Early 12th century. Ink and tempera on vellum, 9 x 5"
17.Page with Tree of Jesse, Citeaux Explanatio in Isaiam (Saint Jerome’s Commentary on Isaiah), from the Abbey, Cîteaux, Burgundy, France. c. 1125. Ink and tempera on vellum, 15 x 4"

BRITAIN AND NORMANDY
Architecture
18.Castle-monastery-cathedral complex, Durham, Northumberland, England. c. 1075 - 1100s
19.Plan of Durham Castle
20.Nave of Durham Cathedral. Early 12th century. Original apses replaced by a Gothic choir, 1242 - c.1280
21.Church of Saint-Étienne, Caen, Normandy, France. Begun 1064; facade late 11th cent; spires 13th cent
Books
22.Page with Hellmouth, Winchester Psalter, Winchester, England, c. 1150.
The Bayeux Tapestry
23.Bishop Odo Blessing the Feast, section 47-48 of the Bayeux Tapestry, Norman-Anglo-Saxon embroidery from Canterbury, Kent, England, or Bayeux, Normandy, France. c. 1066 - 82. Linen with wool, height 20' (50.8 cm). Centre Guillaume le Conquérant, Bayeux, France
1.Who created this tapestry?

GERMANY
Architecture
24.Speyer Cathedral. 1082-1100s, Interior, Speyer Cathedral, Speyer, Germany, as remodeled c. 1081 - 1106. Lithograph of 1844 by von Bachelier. Kurpfälzisches Museum der Stadt Heidelberg

ANCIENT ROME AND ROMANESQUE ITALY
25.Cathedral Complex, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy. Cathedral begun 1063; baptistry begun 1153; campanile begun 1174; Campo Santo 13th century
26.Nave, Pisa Cathedral.
27.Nave, Church of San Clemente, Rome.
28.Church of Sant'Ambrogio
29.Wiligelmus. Creation and Fall, on the west facade, Modena Cathedral, Emilia, Italy, 1106-1120

Questions:
2.What are pilgrimages and the pilgrimage routes? The popular destinations of the religious pilgrimage included what routes? Why were these cities so significant?
3.What are relics? What power did they have?
4.What are reliquaries? Who was Saint-Foy?
5.What does Romanesque mean? When was the term coined? What does it explain?
6.Name the countries associated with the Romanesque.
7.What was the primary source of income in the 11th and 12th centuries? What became a source of wealth and power?
8.Explain the feudal system and the manor.
9.Were feudal estates successful? Why?
10.What type of relationship existed between church and state? Why would it have been successful?
11.When was the first crusade? What was its outcome? What influence did the crusades have on the west?
12.How did builders alter the basilican shape in order to accommodate the influx of pilgrims?
13.Portal sculpture communicated what to the pilgrims who paused in front of a western portal?
14.What are the names of some of the leading Italian cities in the 11th and 12th cent., and what happened on the Italian peninsula?
15.The basic form of the Romanesque church derives from what earlier models?
16.Identify some of the key structural advances and changes in Romanesque architecture.
17.Books played a key role in the transmission of artistic styles and other cultural information from one region to another. What are some of the important themes illustrated in Romanesque books?
18.Sketch and identify the parts of a Romanesque church portal.